Test 1, Parts 1 and 2, Questions for Form
Part 1, Intro. to African Art, Questions and Images
ARTH U346 African Art, U.S.C.U., Gerard Bowles
This review will be more like the test than any other test, to acquaint the student with the unique nature of art history testing. To counter duplication variations and other possible communication difficulties you must omit 6 of the test questions of your choice using the standard proofreader's mark (cursive "e" with extended tail). Use matching letters, and write carefully--10% will be taken off for unreadable handwriting! [FMAH1T4 - 5/27/03]
MATCHING
Match the name or term on the left with the identification or definition on the right. Use only letters!
Introduction to African Art
1. _?_ aspects of a work of art include the processes its artists used in its creation.
2. The _?_ of a work of art does not entirely explain why a work looks the way it does. Rather, it describes how the work was created and used in its cultural context.
3. In African art, there are many problems in _?_ and attributing cultural origins and artists or workshops to them
4. The ability of a work of art to affect someone outside its original _?_ is a testament to its power as art.
5. Much of African art is _?_ ; three-dimensional forms that are carved, modeled, assembled, or cast.
6. The oldest art found in Africa is a decorated _?_ , found in South Africa, and it's estimated to date over 175,000 years old.
7. _?_ the earliest known sub-Saharan culture.
8. _?_ is the relationship of various parts to the whole, e.g., the proportion of the head to the body.
9. African sculptural traditions have been described as abstract and non-naturalistic because they do not necessarily copy or imitate _?_
10. The _?_ of a work of art is found in its specific iconography and in its specific articulation of form; both signify cultural values held by a people.
11. The _?_ quality of a work can be judged both by culturally specific criteria and universal ones.
12. Both male and female artists typically learn their craft from other artists by _?_ .
 a. aesthetic
b. meaning
c. proportion
d. context
e. dating
f. technical
g. sculptural
h. function
i. nature
j. stone axe
k. apprenticeship
l. Nok
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Select the response that best matches the question.
13. In discussing history, art historians attempt to identify: a. stylistic similarities and differences, b. regional origins, c. artists who created works. They also attempt to establish d. historical or e. stylistic links among works of art. Or f. all of the above.
14. The earliest African sculpture-in-the-round has been found in Nigeria and attributed to the culture: a. Ife; b. Yoruba; c. Dogon; d. Nok
15. The majority of sculpture created in African cultures is made of: a. stone; b. clay; c. wood; d. brass
16. Large groups of ceramic sculpture dating between A.D. 1000 and 1600 have been excavated in the inland delta of the ? River. a. Congo; b. Niger; c. Tigris
17. _?_ veneration is quite common among African cultures. a. Astrological; b. Ancestral; c. Sea-life; d. Child
Image Section
Identify the images to the description.
18. Ancestral figure. Kongo, from Zaire. 19th-20th c. Wood and brass, 16" high. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium.
19. Baule. Male Figure ("Ancestor Figure"). Ht. 20.5", British Mus. It is figures like this that have made Baule carvings famous. Willett and the British Museum identify this as a ancestor figure, which could include a diviner's helper spirit. But, it's beauty, and clean surface, suggest it might have been a spirit husband (blolo bian). (23.w.baule.male.fig.s.jpg) Slide & African study supplement.
20. Ife king ("Oni") figure. Yoruba culture. 10th-12th c. Bronze, 18.5 high. Ife Mus., Nigeria. Gardner's p. 602
21. Couple. Dogon culture of Mali. c. 19th c. Wood, 30" high.
22. Nok ("Jemaa"*) head. Nok culture, Nigeria. 5th c. BC. Terracotta, 9 13/16" high. National Mus., Lagos, Nigeria. *Gardner's p. 602.
23. Nikisi n'kondi (Nail Figure), Shiloango River area, Kongo, Zaire, c. 1875-1900. Wood, nails, blades, medicinal materials with cowrie shell, 46 3/4" high. Detroit Mus. of Art.
24. Bush spirit, Baule, Ivory Coast, 19th to 20th c. Wood, male figure approx. 22" high. Metropolitan Mus. of Art, N.Y.
25. Head of queen mother. Benin culture, Nigeria. Early 16th c. Bronze, 20" high. National Mus., lagos, Nigeria. Gardner's p. 600.
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5. 6. 7. 8.
Test 1, Parts 1 and 2, Questions for Form
Part 2, N Africa, Egypt, Nubia, Questions and Images
ARTH U346 African Art, U.S.C.U., Gerard Bowles
Note: "N Africa" is this course is only an introduction for understand "sub-Saharan" (from course description) African art, and is not meant to be a complete coverage of Egyptian art, which is covered in another course.
MATCHING
Indigenous N Africa (not Egypt and related)
26. the oldest humanoid found, is nearly 7 million years old, found in ? in Africa
27. Artistic expression--preserved in rock engravings and paintings, and stone utensils and sculpture--developed in northwestern Africa during the ? period
28. What neolithic art was found in Lemcaiteb (Saquia el-Hamra), Western Sahara, Morocco
29. What art was found at Wadi Sefar, Tassili des Adjjer, Algeria
30. the general name given to the indigenous peoples of northern Africa
31. But modern populations who inhabit the central and southern Sahara (modern Algeria, (¥li-bE-Â) Libya, Chad, Mali, ('nI-jur) Niger, (burkE¥n fa¥sO) Burkina Faso, and Nigeria) are called the ?
32. and the Arabic-speaking "Moors" who inhabit the western Sahara, (mm-rE-tn-nE) Mauritania, Mali, and western Algeria are called the ?
33. The 2nd-1st century bc stone Reliefs of Eight Divinities found in Tunisia almost certainly depicts the indigenous deities of the ? peoples
34. The ? are known as the "blue men" for the famous indigo colored leatherwork that rubs off on their skin.
35. Indigenous cultures in N Africa were influenced first by the ? in the 8th c. bc what is now Lebanon
36. In the seventh century A.D., ? armies from Arabia dislodged the forces of the Romans' successors, the Byzantines, from northwestern Africa (introducing artistic influences from the east). 		Indigenous N Af.
a. Phoenicians
b. neolithic
c. Muslim
d. Berber
e. Tuareg
f. "Moors"
g. chad
h. rock engravings
i. Numidian
j. women w/
decorated bodies
Egypt
Match the name or term on the left with the identification or definition on the right. On the test use only identification letters!
37. bench-shaped Egyptian tomb
38. architect of Pyramid of King Zoser, first recorded architect in history
39. large burial area: city of the dead
40. column in shape of male figure
41. immortal human essence
42. monumental entrance of an Egyptian temple
43. a section of a building that rises above the aisles and allows light to enter
44. female who ruled as pharaoh and a great temple bears her name
45. New Kingdom queen, wife of Akhenaton
46. new artistic style established by Akhenaton
47. boy-king whose tomb was discovered with contents intact
 Egypt
a. pylon
b. Nefertiti
c. necropolis
d. clerestory
e. Imhotep
f. Amarna
g. Hatshepsut
h. ka
i. Tutankhamen
j. atlantid
k. mastaba
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Select the response that best matches the question.
48. Pyramids were most popular during the a. predynastic period, b. Middle Kingdom, c. Old Kingdom, d. New Kingdom
49. Tomb decorations done in fresco were most popular during the a. predynastic period, b. Middle Kingdom, c. Old Kingdom, d. New Kingdom
50. (2 letters) The two most important factors influencing the prosperity of ancient Egypt was a. its warlike nobles, c. the flooding of the Nile, b. dedication to its religion which created order and harmony, d. its position as a trading intermediary
51. The conventions for representing the human figure that dominated Egyptian art to the end of the New Kingdom are found in early Egyptian art of about 3500 B.C. in the a. Rosetta Stone, b. Palette of Narmer, c. Stele of Ramses
52. Compared to work done in the Amarna style, the work done for Ramses II and Seti I was: a. much more fluid, b. much more conventional, c. much more realistic, d. much more curvilinear
53. Incredible treasures were found in the tomb of: a. Ramses II, b. Akhcnaton, c. Zoser, d. Tutankhamen
54. Which factor was not part of traditional Egyptian figural relief conventions: a. feet in profile, b. eyes in profile, c. shoulders full front, d. head full front
SHORT ANSWERS
Considering the significance of the many "Great Mother/Earth Goddess" art figures and symbols from pre-history to contemporary:
55. In pre-history, roughly how far geographically did her* image spread?
56. For roughly how many thousand years based on art found so far (considering "sculpted and shaped"* figurines
57. What is her name/descendent in Egyptian art, the "goddess of truth and universal harmony,"* representing a code of conduct for social order, "and judging the souls of the dead before they passed into the [afterlife]"?* (Isis does not represent a code of conduct) (*Sheena Morgan)
58. What do many theology and language scholars believe her Egyptian name became in English language Christian texts (including Bible) and important art following the Romans?
59. Her name became "mater" to the Romans, and what in English?
60. What is She called in the contemporary spreading religion in Africa?
61. Name two of the shapes used by the Egyptians for capitals.
62. What was the importance of Amarna to the development of Egyptian art?
63. Explain the connection between Egyptian conceptions of the after-life and Egyptian art.
WORKS OF ART RECOGNITION
This is a list of identification information, and images must be found.
64. Schist palette of King Narmer, c. 3100-3000 BC, decorated on both sides, found in the temple of Hierakonpolis. Slate, approx. 25" high. Late predynastic, Naqada III period. Cairo, Egyptian Museum.

65. Temple of Ramses II (court on Eastern bank of river), Karnak. ca. 1198-1167 B.C.

66. Troop of (¥n¸-bE-Â) Nubian Archers/Soldiers, Buried in the tomb of Mesehti at Asyut, 2000 B.C.

67. The three pyramids of Giza, belonging to Kings Menkaura (Mycerinus), Khafra (or Khafre, called Chephren by the Greeks) and Khufu (called Cheops by the Greeks). Dynasty IV, 2600-2500 B.C.

68. King Menkaure/Mycerinus and his Queen, Khamerernebty, from the Funerary Complex of Menkaure, Giza, Lower egypt.. c. 2490-2472 BC. Ht. 54.5", Schist. Mus. of Fine Arts, Boston.

69.Queen Tiye, from Gurob, Egypt. Dynasty XVIII, ca. 1353-1335 BC (egy.g70.tiye.s.JPG)

70. Collosal statue of Akhenaten, from a temple of Aton, karnak, Egypt. Dynasty 18, Amarna Period, 1353-1335 (Visona p. 58) (a58.akhenaten.s.JPG)

71. Portrait-bust of Queen Nefertiti (Nofretete), profile, 20th c. copy of 1360 B.C. original. At Tel el-Amarna. Nefertiti was a New Kingdom queen, and wife of Akhenaton.

72. The Last Judgement, Detail of (pa-'pI-rus) Papyrus. XXIst. Dyn., 1185-950 B.C. Met. Mus. Art, N.Y.

73. Nofretete (upper torso, nude). Amarna style. 1370 B.C. Limestone. New Kingdom

74. Nubian dancer. Tomb of Haremhab (no. 78), Thebes

75. Seated figure of King Ramses II. Black granite. Dynasty XIX., about 1250 B.C. Turan, Museo di Antichita

76. Rock painting example, Tassili N' Ajjer Region, Algeria. Archaic style, 8000-6000 BC (Visona similar examples p. 28 & 29) (a28.tassili.rock.ptg.af.s.JPG)

77. Horned female figure, Tassili N' Ajjer Region, Algeria. Archaic style, 8000-6000 BC (Visona p. 28) (a28.tassili.fem.w-horn.s.JPG)

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