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East
Surrey Pubs: Download slideshow |
The Pub and Brewery History Group of the Bourne Society was set up to study the history of the pubs and breweries of East Surrey, within and near to the catchment area of the Society. The resources we use for our study include:
The Group meets generally on the second Saturday of the month, from March until November at a historic pub in East Surrey, and occasionally across the borders into West Kent or East Sussex. An annual brewery visit is also part of our programme. Details of venues and reports of visits are found in the Bourne Society Local History Records, distributed quarterly to members of the Society. NEW ! ....links to histories of East Surrey pubs Richard Symonds and Alan Moore have set up some fine websites on Reigate and Redhill pubs. Recent additions by Richard detail pubs in several more East Surrey communities. Contributions are invited to add to the knowledege of pubs and breweries in these areas. See Richard's Blogger profile for links to pubs of Bletchingley, Oxted, Godstone, Limpfield & Tandrridge and Titsey, Tatsfield & Chelsham at: http://www.blogger.com/profile/09385195278663366884
Our Programme for 2007:
PUBS WE HAVE VISITED IN RECENT YEARS 2006
2005
2004
2003
For details of these and other venues in Surrey, see the CAMRA East Surrey Group website For more information please see the Bourne Society LOCAL HISTORY RECORDS or come visit with us and receive a free information sheet provided for most visits. |
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What we offered - A flavour of our 2002 visits to local pubs |
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| November - The Woolpack, Banstead | ||||||||||||
| October - The Wiremill, New Chapel, Lingfield | ||||||||||||
| September - The Hogsback Brewery, Tongham, nr Farnham | ||||||||||||
The Hogsback Brewery tour was rated as one of the best we have had since we started the tradition of an annual brewery visit. Our host strategically placed jugs of four different ales about the brewery. We were provided with a free souvenir glass and away we went! Here is a shot of the well stocked shop, with real ales from all over.
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| August - The Surrey Oaks, Newdigate | ||||||||||||
| The Surrey Oaks is very much in the CAMRA circuit, as a beer
festival had taken place here for the Jubilee and another one was in preparation for the
August Bank Holiday. Tucked away in a quiet corner of Surrey, by the old Roman route of
Stane Street, the place had must have played a part in quenching thirsts for several
centuries.
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| July - The Greyhound, Lingfield | ||||||||||||
| The highlight of our visit were the artifacts of the pub's past that the landlord brought out for us. This included a pair of flintlock rifles and militia flag from about 1800, found in the roof space during renovation work. The National Army Museum will be contacted in order to identify the militia unit associated with these finds. | ||||||||||||
| June - The Royal Oak, Staffhurst Wood, Oxted | ||||||||||||
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| May - The Barley Mow, South Park, Reigate | ||||||||||||
| April - The Plough, Earlswood, Redhill | ||||||||||||
| March - The Old Bell, Oxted | ||||||||||||
| Some 30 members gathered at the Old Bell in
Oxted on March 9, an excellent start to the new season of pub visits. The place had been
refurbished and extended about 18 months ago, in keeping with its heritage, going back at
least to the 15th century. Here we see Bourne Society members trying the real ale, before enjoying an excellent lunch, for the cuisine was superb and varied at the old Bell, now a Chef & Brewer establishment. A full report on the visit and its historic findings will appear in the next Bulletin.
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| November Bulletin Report, 2001 | ||||||||||||
The highlight of our summer season was the visit on September 1 to the Shepherd Neame brewery at Faversham, founded 1698, on the occasion of the annual Hop Festival in this delightful and ancient town. I estimate a dozen members made the trip. There was no regimentation on this occasion, as the brewery was open to the public for a small donation to local charities and our members arrived at different times and went about the town to view the many events laid on, according to personal preference! After a most interesting tour of the brewery, aided by the handouts provided, we enjoyed the many performances of Morris dancing, the pearly Kings & Queens show and local fare from the market stalls for lunch. We did not come away empty handed, purchasing packs of the brewery's finest ales and other memorabilia. Yours truly now sports Shepherd Neame head gear, adding to a collection started with a Young's cap acquired on our 1999 brewery visit. A souvenir beach towel, advertising Spitfire Ale and sporting the message " Keep the sun beds, we're off to the bar " was very tempting, but alas I was dissuaded from making such a rash purchase! All in all, we were inspired to visit again the delightful and historic town of Faversham. Perhaps an idea for our trips organisers? Other summer visits included one to the Royal Oak, Brockham in August, where Brian Leigh- Davis did the honours while we were exploring volcanoes in Tenerife. Brian had some fascinating pictures of Home Guard activity in WW2 on the Green, to add to the fine pictures of yesteryear from Roger Packham's collection and census research. July saw us in a thunderstorm at The Castle, Outwood where we nearly outnumbered the regulars. This pub had been refurbished about a year ago, but quite tastefully. The brewery supplying the pub in 1905 was Bransbury Ales of Redhill, a small brewery for which we seek further information in a new book just published (see below). Our October visit featured The Plough at Leigh, believed to have c15 origins. Here is a flavour of the visit, on an exceptionally warm autumn day:
As posted in the August Bulletin, our final visit of the 2001 season is : November 10:The Bull, Warlingham (near the former Warlingham Park Hospital) We then go into hibernation for desk research (and hopefully progress on the book featuring East Surrey Pubs and Breweries) until March, the early 2002 programme appearing in the February Bulletin. Any ideas for the programme will be gratefully received. Ideas so far include the refurbished Old Bell at Oxted, The Plough near Earlswood Common, and The Mint near Banstead.
A Brewing Heritage Look out for Richard Symond's book 'A Brewing Heritage' on the brewery history of Reigate and Redhill area. With a suspicion that the book may sell out quickly (being a limited run of 500 copies), Richard took Bourne Society members orders/reservations in advance. The cost is £14.95 (+£3 P/P) direct from: R.P.F. Symonds, 147 Farhalls Crescent, Horsham, RH12 4BU
In 2005, Richard Symonds and Alan Moore launched two websites covering further information on the pubs of Redhill and Reigate. The first one set up is for Redhill, and has a wealth of information. See: The Reigate site is taking shape and can be viewed at: This venture provided an excellent accompaniment to Richard's book. Copies are still available at Turners in Coulsdon, or direct from Richard The book launch was held on 20th October, 2001 at the Ancient house Bookshop, Bell Street, Reigate and then at the Barley Mow PH, Eastnor Rd, South Park Reigate in the evening. Several guest beers included Ansells Mild, Marstons Pedigree, Adnams Broadside, Greene King IPA ......and a special brew for the occasion, DDA (Durrant's Dinner Ale) based on a recipe the former nearby brewery........ quite a lineup! DDA was a real treat, at 4.3 Abv, copper coloured with a fruity/hoppy flavour with a hint of elderflower, some said. Here are some pictures of the occasion enjoyed by Roger Packham and Paul Sandford, on behalf of the Bourne Society:
Here is one of the songs from the book launch evening:
Enjoy the real ale over the winter break, especially some of the fine brews coming out of the micro breweries. Most major supermarkets offer a wide selection, so revisit the pubs and breweries of 2001 by seeking out some fine bottle conditioned brews. |
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| August Bulletin Report, 2001 | ||||||||||||
| We
had a good turnout at the White Bear, Fickleshole,
in May. Members learned of the acquisition in 1905 of the original bear,
via auction, from The Bear pub at the Criterion, Piccadilly, starting
point of the Bath coach, and of its subsequent disappearance in WW2
at the hands of reveling Canadian troops. There may well be a link through
the article in the May Bulletin on the West Nova Scotia Regiment, stationed
at that time in Woldingham. Perhaps a veteran in Canada can recall where
it was buried, for surely they didn't take it home! The present bear
is a very solid and immovable concrete job.
We had the lowest turnout for a long time at the Mint Arms, Mogador, on June 9th. Well, I guess it never occurred to yours truly that the Epsom Derby would play such havoc with the local traveling plans of Group members! However, seven of us did make it through the jams and our President sent an email apology, having been stuck in a tailback stretching onto the M25. Highlights of the visit were the real ales found at this Free House (including a fine brew from the Hog's Back micro brewery) and the association with former mint and herb growing nearby. A bonus was the discovery by one of our members of a former art class friend, now residing at Mint (formerly Parfitt's) Cottage - a fascinating place behind the pub, with parts of 1530, 1930s and 1990s all blending well with each other. The family had lived there since about 1870, and had deeds from some 100 years earlier. Mint Lane had once passed through the present cottage garden, leading to the original Mint Arms which had been located in the present pub car park area. The idyllic setting of Mint Cottage has unfortunately been marred by the planting of four town houses in front, next to the Mint Arms, crammed into the space previously occupied by a bungalow. What are Reigate & Banstead Council planning department up to! Our programme for late summer/autumn can now be revealed. As previously indicated, we plan to travel by car to Faversham on Saturday September 1: The Hop Festival and brewery visit to Shepherds Neame. Please let me know if you have any spare seats in your vehicle, or would like transport for the day. We hope to arrive at the brewery for 10:30 for the start of revelries, and depart about 4pm. However, some may want to make a weekend of it. The Hop Festival lasts from Aug 31 to Sept 2, and details can be found at: http://www.faversham.org/whatson/hop.htm I suggest you visit your local library (e.g. Caterham Valley) and take a look at the event website, if you are not wired at home. As this is a public open day for the brewery, the only charges expected from the brewery will be for liquid refreshment! The final elements of our programme for this year, meeting at 11:30 in the respective car parks, are October 13 : The Plough, Leigh November 10 The Bull, Warlingham (near the former Warlingham Park Hospital) |
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| May Bulletin Report, 2001 | ||||||||||||
| The new season
started well with a visit in March to the Blacksmith's Arms in
Caterham-on-the-Hill. Some 30 members and guests turned up to learn what we
have so far gleaned of the history of this, the oldest Public House in Caterham. In the
1851 census, it is the only listed Caterham pub, run by one Peckam Hills from about
1847-1867, according to trade directories kindly researched by Jean Tooke. Opposite was
Richard Cullingham's small beer house, now the King & Queen.
The Rowed map of 1736 was consulted, locating the present pub on land held at that time by
one James Gilber. The original pub, opened in 1820, was shown in a sketch of 1877 by
Frederick Bradbury Winter, made a year before its demolition by brewers AC&S Crowley
on taking a 99-year lease. It was replaced on an adjacent plot by the present building,
for a cost of £2000. The pub played a big part in providing a social focus for the community, including changing and refreshment facilities for football teams using the adjacent Rectory Field, when David Chalmers was landlord (1901-1908). It boasted a billiards room large upstairs clubroom, where it is recorded 'smoking concerts' were held. Though the name of the event signified men only, it seems that restriction only applied to the audience! It must have been a great hit with off duty guardsmen from Caterham barracks and its rural regulars. Today, the Blacksmith's Arms is an unpretentious place - for local people to meet, without gastronomic pretensions. Thankfully the garish Irish exterior colour scheme of the previous licensee has been toned down recently. Though the interior is quaintly modern, the beer is good and reasonably varied, as one would expect of a Free House. Forthcoming visits The next batch of Saturday visits are proposed on the assumption that the countryside remains open to pub visits during the foot & mouth crisis. However, members contemplating walks away from the venues may encounter restrictions, though it is hoped these will be lifted by the time the programme takes place. As usual, we meet at 11:30 in the respective car park or by the main entrance if there is none. June : The Mint Arms, Buckland Road, Mogador (Lower Kingswood) July 1: The Castle, Miller's Lane, Outwood August : The Royal Oak, Brockham (S. of the A25 Reigate-Dorking Road) (Please note that this visit is scheduled for the first Saturday of the month) |
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| A summary of a pub talk....... | ||||||||||||
| The Public House - Its role in the Life of the Community with reference to the Pubs and Breweries of East Surrey adapted from a talk given by Paul Sandford to the Bourne Society Forum September 24, 1998 |
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INTRODUCTION
The Pub History group of the Bourne Society has visited so far over 30 pubs within and close to the Society's catchment area. Our visits of discovery have not only given us a glimpse of the past role and function of these places, but has presented a golden opportunity to observe the role of the public house today in a largely affluent and mobile rural and suburban community. From this knowledge, we can speculate on the future role of these convivial places.
We shall examine the present, with reference to the past - leading to prediction of the future role of pubs in the communities of East Surrey. Slide illustrations for the Forum talk were provided by the kind co-operation of Messrs Packham and Hammond. Similar illustrations are used in this version. Through the photographic record, shall chart the history of change in our pubs and try to judge whether our time is one of stabilization or of drastic change in the pub scene of East Surrey.
THE CHARACTER & ROLE OF PUBS TODAY IN EAST SURREY
Dr Johnson declared
" There is nothing which has yet been contrived by man by which so much happiness is produced as by a good tavern or inn"
How true is this today? .Let us drop in on a few of our locals for the answer.................
A feature that characterizes many of the pubs we have visited is the rapid expansion of catering facilities. Wherever space permits, an extension complete with recycled beams, or a modern conservatory sprouts from the walls of what was once a simple cottage. These days, in the final years of the 20th century, a tied pub with takings of £5000 pw is struggling to stay competitive where the big brewers may seek three times that figure. Using the village pub as a restaurant can ensure its survival.
The Harrow at Warlingham was on the verge of closure, when a change of ownership brought a transformation to a 'family tolerant' eating and drinking establishment.. Recognising a demand especially from retired folk for a rustic and quiet dining atmosphere, without the blare of pop music and hoards of children, a compromise was reached at the Harrow. Deliberately, no playground equipment was provided but family groups of all ages are welcome so, a good place to keep granny happy on her birthday!
The White Hart at Godstone, a large and popular 'Beefeater' establishment these days, retains or indeed has had resurrected, a rustic charm with its beamed interior adorned with reminders of a labour intensive agricultural past.
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A listed building, for a period known as the Clayton Arms,
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its old name of the White Hart has been back for a few decades now. For a while, both names were seen on the building, and the pub presented one identity for southbound travellers and another for northbound.
The old Barn still stands adjacent as a much extended village hall. It served for at least 150 years ( until 1909 ) as the brewhouse for the White Hart. The owners see a future in the place, as extensive and careful renovation works of roof timbers took place this summer. Its liberal all day opening hours are still a rarity in the district, except for weekends. You can drop in for just a coffee, if that's your preference. Variety and choice is the accepted norm in East Surrey pubs.
At the refubished ancient pub, The Bell in Old Oxted you have the choice of an extensive restaurant or bar menu with perhaps quicker service say if you are en-route to the Plaza (now called Screen 1, Oxted) cinema (another traditionally run and popular establishment at new Oxted). However, many pubs prefer patrons to get settled, take their time, and have more than one round of drinks before the food is delivered .except on busy weekends and Bank Holidays when they are only too glad to have a high turnover.
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Luckily, there are still many Free Houses in East Surrey run by dedicated people who try to preserve the character of their pub. Such is the former hall house, the Prince Albert at Blechingley, which boasted haute cuisine on our visit. It has changed hands since. Perhaps the prices of their gastronomic delights are more suited to the passing trade!
New pub catering concerns are appearing at East Surrey pubs. At Merstham, the Railway Arms reopened in 1998 as a Mercury Tavern. The tend towards pubs as eating rather than quaffing places perhaps causes some resentment among the locals......which begs the question, who is a true local? Is not the commuter residing in that quaint and ancient cottage nearby just as much a local as any these days?
The Shepherd's Pen, further up the London Road, catered for locals and ramblers in a simple and unpretentious way. Formerly the thriving Joliffe Hotel, its location and confusing 'Exchange House' sign (and then a 'For Sale' sign on the north half of the building) did little to entice the passing trade. A period of trying to be trendy has now ended, in 1999, with its closure.
At the Hare and Hounds, Chelsham, there exists a rarity in the area - a pub which majors in serving a range of decent beers to the local community. Come here for London Pride, Greene King IPA, Toby and Worthington. But, its owners, Bass-Charrington may have plans up their sleeve to transform the place, either directly or by a sell-off to the newly formed Punch Taverns. Sitting in common land, this pub appears to have limited space for a restaurant wing and necessary carpark, without some planning compromise. We shall probably discover its future by the end of 1998
The Botley Hill Farmhouse has not always been a pub. After a long period as tea-rooms or special function venue, then a period of virtual dereliction, in recent years it combines a varied menu, with special jazz and other popular music events for a wide clientele, usually in an adjacent marquee. Cream teas are still available (but only after 4pm!)
Supported largely by local people, other pubs such as the refurbished Wattenden Arms by the old Kenley aerodrome have been known to lay on a folk night. On other nights, a Quiz night may be held, popular with the regulars. Luckily, the RAF Kenley memorabilia at the Wattenden has not disappeared in the refurbishment.
The Woodman at Woodmansterne, the former guest house of the Manor, is host during late July and early August to a local amateur dramatic group, whose performances in the pub garden. include the lighter offerings of Shakespeare. We are thankful that local pubs have not gone overboard for karaoke nights, as at The Swan & Sugerloaf South Croydon. However, this activity probably meets a need in the area, in the absence of youth clubs, skating rinks and other opportunities for healthy exhibitionism. Furthermore, many of these 'lively' pubs promote an active programme of fundraising for good causes, for which they should be commended.
Others, like the Hare& Hounds, Godstone take part in inter-pub village cricket. Challenge darts matches have long been a feature of many a local.. However, as they undergo refurbishment and transformation, pub games tend to disappear, as the space is usually needed for more restaurant tables. However, The Ship, recently refurbished, near Croydon's Surrey Street market, still offers a wide range of traditional pub games.
What will The Queen's Head, Nutfield look like, closed for refurbishment soon after (but, we are assured, not as a consequence of) our visit earlier in the year?
How has change affected The Kenley Hotel? Recently renovated, and reported to have an 'improved' bar, it still retains the spitfires on its sign as a reminder of Kenley's role in WW2. We are delighted to hear from the Advertiser that the new licensees have an interest in local history, and that Tetley and Marsdens is on offer. Local representatives of the Bourne Society plan to forge links with the Kenley Hotel, as they gather material for the Kenley Village History publication .
At The Haycutter, Hurst Green, a traditional skittles alley attracts teams from far and wide. The beer and sausage plowmans fare is widely acclaimed on these occasions, while their restaurant offers other good home cooking.
Depicted in a Hassell print of about 1825, the 'Old Surrey Hounds' used to serve a community of working people just north of Godstone village centre. Its successor hosted skittles events with a public bar for regular drinkers, but the last Old Surrey Hounds in Godstone was swept away a few years ago for a new housing development. Perhaps the already high density of pubs in Godstone was a factor, but I suspect that this 'local' just didnt fit into the plans of the big brewers and was not big enough to compete.
In Caterham Valley, the Surrey Hounds, with its colourful display of hanging baskets, looks a little tired inside, with its TV and slot machines. An old resident of Caterham, reported in Local History Records, referred to a former "tranquillity" in the place. This tranquillity was broken by a fire in 1916, during which regulars rallied around to set up an outdoor bar so the licence wouldn't be lost! In 1911, a thriving Outings Club at this pub - an evidently an all-male affair- served a useful purpose well before the days of package holidays.
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Another popular 'local' is the Jolly Farmers, (formerly nicknamed the Hammer & Clink, due to its proximity to the forge at the time). Located in Purley Exchange, patrons can gaze out upon Tesco on a summer's day, gulping in the traffic fumes. An refurbishment proposal, mooted in 1997, has now materialised. On August 25, 1999, the pub was reopened with a new sign and nicely spruced up.
As we move further along the spectrum from ancient inn to the modern trendy we find establishments not yet deemed worthy to feature in our programme of pub history visits. However, every pub has a history and a role in its local community which deserves our attention.
Take the re-vamped Midday Sun at Chipstead, for a while sporting its trendy 'Hungry Horse' motif, and places for night owls, such as Stanleys near Purley cinema (formerly the Bourne Tavern, The Dog , or the Dog & Duck, and now closed along with the ABC Cinema). The Royal Oak, Purley is under threat of closure, despite its charitable works and appeal to local regulars.
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The Rose and Crown, Kenley has been seeking a new identity in recent years , so far unsuccessfully, as a motel. In the meantime, slot machines and canned pop music cater for other tastes. On a site once alive with the bustle of a coaching inn, it lies in Caterham Valley where the old road from London to Lewes and the Sussex coast dives steeply off Riddlesdown.
The Tally-Ho, Caterham on the Hill, a small community pub near the former Caterham Barracks, advertises boldly on a banner:
"There's more to enjoy at your local ."and offers large screen satellite or cable TV football.
Pubs such as the Windsor Castle, South Croydon, can with justification be called hostelries, having retained, or expanded their overnight accommodation, where there is a need from the business community. Horses rarely need to be accommodated, these days,though at The Harrow, Warlingham horses can find a tasty snack in recycled salads from the restaurant. They are very much into recycling there, right down to the corks from the wine bottles.
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Who are the patrons of the pubs of today? Perhaps the day-tripper, cyclist or rambler, or family groups travelling out from the suburbs for a special treat, rather than real travellers or local resident.
The friendly 'local' still has a role to play, however. The Princess Royal in West Croydon, awarded Croydon Pub of the Year recently by the Campaign for Real Ale, CAMRA, combines a good range of beers with a quiet atmosphere, conducive to the art of conversation.
Also in Croydon, we have seen the tasteful transformation of fine bank buildings into new pubs such as the Spread Eagle and the Hogshead near Surrey Street market, pitched at the lunchtime and after work trade. This follows a trend started in the City and environs, with examples such as The Banker and Barrow Boy on London Bridge, a Fuller's 'Ale and Pie' establishment.
How does the role of the pub of today compare with that of its predecessor?
Throughout its history from a beerhouse with one brand 'local brew' attached to a monastic establishment or manor to a halt on our busy trunk roads with multiple choice, it has provided for the traveller. So, for instance at Place Farm we find that in about 1545 its tenant Anne of Cleves used timber intended for essential repairs to build a brewhouse, such was the importance of ale in keeping the staff and visitors happy (and healthy, as the water was decidedly iffy). However, Henry was not amused and closed down his former wife's enterprise.
One Izaac Walton wrote in appreciation of the public house about 150 years later,
" Let me lead you now to an honest ale house, where we shall find a cleanly room, lavender in the windows, and twenty ballads stuck upon the walls."
We still have a few vestiges of the great era of the stage or mail coach in East Surrey. We must remind ourselves of travelling conditions before the coming of the railways to the area in 1841. It was time consuming, hard and thirsty work being a traveller or a coachman. Reliable roads were few, only four main routes traversing Surrey to the Sussex coast. Inns on these routes therefore had a vital role and a bustling trade. The few and unreliable coaches, which had become viable as private concerns since about 1650, shared the roads with the many slow, lumbering, but more reliable wagons carrying goods between producers and customers.
In 1784 John Palmer of Bath, disgusted by the lot of travellers in the realm, started the first government Mail Coach service. It was so successful that similar services were run with pride and perfection throughout the land. The centre of hustle and bustle was the Inn, combining station, posting establishment, news depot, hotel and thirst quencher in one. An army of osslers, stableboys and hangers-on attended the 'greatest man on earth', the mail coach driver, "swelled into jolly proportions by frequent potations of malt liquors", in the era before our very necessary drink drive laws.
It is no wonder that, with this bursting of enterprise along our turnpikes, there were 24,000 breweries in the UK by 1800, according to the Old English Inn Society.
But, change was once again around the corner for the Inns. As the railways were built, a thirsty workforce of navvies, brought a brisk trade to many a local pub, but were rarely welcomed by the locals. Thus, we have fights at by the White Lion Warlingham, and the only pub at the time in Woldingham , The Hop Pole, had its licence withdrawn by the landowner, William Gilford, after gangs of railway tunnelers brought mayhem to the area. The building, on the Green at Woldingham, became the Tea Tree coffee house for a while.
The Feathers at Merstham, now in need of a facelift, trades under the drinks giant Allied Domecq. The rambling Victorian building replaces an earlier coaching inn. Not all travellers were keen to stop at the place in its early days. A diary entry of 1656, probably referring to the Feathers, refers to 'starved fleas and bad food' at Merstham. The Feathers probably had a busy time while the railway was being built. Like other edge of country pubs, it became a terminus for the new Omnibus routes by the 1920s.
Nearby the Railway Arms, Merstham, testified to the new trade, located up the slope from Merstham Station.
In 1865 Henry Milliam set up a beer shop at Purley, by the forge - later to become the Jolly Farmers
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The nearby Railway Hotel, Purley - known as the Caterham Junction Hotel until 1888 - was operated by Croydon brewers Nalder & Collyer from 1860.
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It was replaced by a bank HQ, named Purley Point, in the early 1990s.
Elsewhere, away from the stations, the railway brought ruin to the coaching Inns. In Caterham Valley, south of Wapses Lodge, a large coaching establishment, the Half Moon Inn, stood on the present Layhams garage site. What must have gone through the mind of the innkeeper regarding his future, during a celebratory function for "third class members of the community" in 1885 to mark the start of the Caterham railway? Of course, the die had already been cast by the opening of the London & South Coast Railway in 1841, and nationally since 1830. Not far away, on the main line through Redhill, James Relf, innkeeper, brewery owner and breeder of coach horses, was bankrupted.
So, the latter part of the 19th century must have been a miserable time for the old inns reliant on the passing trade. Waggoners had been pensioned off or perhaps re-trained as railway porters. However, there was a bright side to the coming of the railways. They brought building developments and new communities sprang up along the new routes in the valleys of East Surrey. Railway junctions supported new hotels and beer houses. In quieter hilltop areas denied railway development, such as Warlingham, the pub took on other roles before the coming of shops.
From the 1851 census, we find Mr Dean of the Leather Bottle plying his trade as the local butcher. Mr Churchill at the Whyte Lion
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and Mrs Lee at The Horseshoe sold groceries. Mrs Churchill also served as the local baker.
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Ancient country inns served as meets for the local hunt, at the Bell, Oxted, the Surrey Hounds, at Caterham, the Whyte Hart Bletchingley and the White Lion at Warlingham.
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The Victorian and Edwardian age brought the temperance movement, and concern over 'working class drunkenness'. New pubs were discouraged, by restrictive covenants. Hence, vast tracts of outer suburbia without a pub in sight.
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The Lord Roberts at Woodcote, an ideal setting for a village green pub, was a temperance inn and has long been a Post Office and general stores. The pond is no longer nearby, replaced by a war memorial.
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Opening hours for pubs became restricted, with Sunday restrictions brought in during1854. The Defence of the Realm act in 1914, bringing even shorter opening hours, lest drunkenness amongst munitions workers impedes the war effort.
In 1900, 6000 breweries were in business; by 1939 less than 1000 remained. Since 1976, more than 20 breweries have closed nationally. Now, in 1998 some 300 independent regional and local brewers struggle for market share. Some blame the 1989 Beer Orders, which has backfired forcing larger breweries to concentrate on major brands at the expense of brands worthy of a master brewer, making up our ale heritage .
The Bourne Society visited October 21 one of the remaining small independents - King & Barnes of Horsham. Greene King from East Anglia supply a few local free houses, including The Crown at Nutfield. The Pilgrim brewery at Reigate supplies local pubs, such as the William IV at Bletchingley.
Gone are Mellersh and Neil of Reigate, Nalder & Collyer, Page & Overton, and Crowleys of Croydon, Bransbury Ales of Redhill, and others that crop up on old local postcards.
THE FUTURE
Can we be optimistic about the future of our historic pubs in East Surrey?
I believe we can .as long as the Free House and its heritage ales are supported by the pubgoer, and good standards of hospitality and catering are maintained.
Let us picture the scene in the year 2050 . The message about sustainable development, out of necessity, had at last got through to the masses of the urban sprawl. Oil is running out and though cheap electricity is available through breakthroughs in fuel cell technology - energy from water - , and to a lesser extent through solar panels and wind farms - it is not yet practical for private transport. Remote controlled electric trains and trams proliferate, even out to semi-rural communities. Branch lines to Old Coulsdon and Caterham on the Hill; Godstone, and Warlingham have at last been made possible. Having a frequent service, these new lines are linked to the pioneering routes of Croydon's TramLink, 50 years old in 2050, and to the London Underground, now serving Croydon. More people work from home, in surroundings of their own choosing. The private car is an expensive luxury with petrol almost he price of beer, measure for measure. and, of course, we have long had zero tolerance to drinking and driving by 2050.
With the relaxing of Green Belt restrictions, allowing rural regeneration through carefully designed housing incorporated in and around conservation areas, large local communities has re-established, educated to respect the local heritage. The development at the old Caterham Barracks has been a success, and other institutional land has been transformed into new communities at Netherne, Cane Hill, and Warlingham Park. In each of these thriving Public Houses have developed, as a focus for community life, with a range of attractions for all ages.
In older established areas, traditional pubs enjoy the custom of a growing band of regulars. Once, most of the regulars worked on the land. Now, by 2050, they are drawn from the ranks of the early and the properly retired, cyberworkers operating from home, and suburban folk encouraged by the light rail network to visit the countryside - rather like earlier generations of Londoners did when they took the tram to Purley and strolled up Riddlesdown for Gardener's pleasure Grounds , or swarmed through the country lanes as enthusiastic members of the Cyclists' Touring Club, visiting places like the Clayton Arms, Godstone in the early years of the 20th century. With the abolition of licensing hours, pubs have the freedom to meet local demand. The Beerhouse Act of 1830 is reactivated, allowing local microbrewers to retail from their homes or from the well established 'farmer's markets' set up to fight the monopoly of the supermarkets. The excesses of 'drinking up time' are long gone.
In its place, a more discerning customer enjoys 'theme evenings' a popular offering of mid 21st century pubs. No longer the preserve of rich visitors staying at stately homes, the mediaeval banquet is a favourite in our older and more atmospheric pubs.
Providing a memorable touch, the advances of genetic engineering and detective work of archaeologists have allowed the resident micro-brewer to emulate the ales of yesteryear .in the manner of an earlier experiment which tried to reproduce the beer of ancient Egypt. This has reversed the unwelcome trend in the late 1990s in which many breweries went to the wall. To make the experience all the more enjoyable, some of our country pubs have once more become inns, providing accommodation in keeping with their theme. Old photographs and the surveys of the Surrey Buildings Research Group in the 1980s have helped to restore some pubs to their former glory, after having been messed about by trendy owners and their accountants, or having suffered fire damage.
CONCLUSION
We have touched upon the many roles the pub plays in our communities today, and looked at some features of the inns of yesteryear. The pub will continue to enrich the lives of both local residents and visitors, 'in an atmosphere of good fellowship' much as it has for centuries. As the environment and heritage attracts greater respect from both government and the governed thanks to the message of Societies such as ours and with increasing mobility of the population, the future of the pub will be assured.
In conclusion, consider the judgement of GK Chesterton in 'The Flying Inn'
"A decay of the tavern is part of a general decay of democracy"
We can apply this sentiment to the public house of today, in all its diversity
LONG LIVE DEMOCRACY, and the COUNTRY PUB !

REFERENCES
Bourne Society publications (various, including Local History records)
Dick, Stewart & Helen Alllingham: The Cottage Homes Of England, Bracken Books, 1991
Fowler, Simon: See you down the pub!, Local History Magazine, Jan/Feb 1998.
Hogg, Garry: The English Country Inn, Batsford, 1974
Nicholson, Graham & Jane Fawcett, The Village in History, Guild (National Trust) 1988
©Copyright 'The Bourne Society' 1998
Note: Since the talk summarised above was given, a number of changes have taken place in local pubs, including refurbishments. Readers are invited to report to the Group any findings at local pubs visited, or resources on pub history discovered. Through your efforts, we can build up a comprehensive database of the hostelries of East Surrey
Pub and Brewery Related Links |
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| Surrey Pubs and Independent Breweries | www.camrabranches.org.uk/surrey |
| The National Pub and Brewery History Website | http://www.btinternet.com/~steven.williams1/pubpgbhs.htm |
| Shepherd Neame Brewery, Faverham | www.shepherd-neame.co.uk/company/index.html |
| Bass Museum, Burton on Trent | http://www.bass-museum.com/main.htm |
| Brewing Research International (BRi) | http://www.brewingresearch.co.uk/ |
| Hog's Back Brewery | http://www.hogsback.co.uk/hogsback_welcome.htm |
| Links to brewing related sites from CAMRA | http://www.camrasurrey.org.uk/links.htm |
| Beer festivals in Surrey | http://www.camrasurrey.org.uk/Beer-festivals/in-Surrey.htm |
| Brewery History Society | http://breweryhistory.com/ |
General References to Pub and Brewery History |
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( A selection of reference works collected for the Pub History Group) |
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| Adam, Jill & Neil Hanson | Pubs for families- a CAMRA Guide, Cambridge University press, 1987 |
| Bailey, Paul | Country Pubs of the Kent Weald, 1989. ISBN 0-9515027-0-0 |
| Bartlett, Jane & Clare McCann | PUBS-An Historical Pub Crawl - Ripley and Send Historical Society, Surrey, 1998 |
| Batchelor, Denzil | The English Inn, BT Batsford Books Ltd, 1963 |
| Bickerdyke, John | The Curiosities of Ale & Beer, Spring Books, 1965 (Originally published 1889) |
| Booth, John | The Drinking Man's Guide to Kent and Sussex Pubs, Midas Books, ?, ISBN 0859360296 |
| Brabbs, Derry | English Country Pubs, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986 |
| Brayley, Edward Wedlake, | A Topographical History of Surrey' 1878, reprinted by Local History Reprints. 1996 ISBN 1-85699-116-4 |
| Brown, Os and Brian Buss, Bernard Davis | The Chequers: A Place in Horley's history |
| Burke | The English Inn |
| Campbell, Andrew | The Book of Beer, Denis Dobson, 1956 |
| CAMRA | The Surrey Pub Guide, 1997, ISBN 1-85249-201-5 |
| Davis, Ben | The Traditional English Pub |
| Dick, Stewart & Helen Allingham: | The Cottage Homes Of England, Bracken Books, 1991 |
| Elkins, Ted | Mild & Bitter Sir! |
| Finn, Timothy | Pub Games of England, Queen Anne Press Ltd, 1975 |
| Fowler, Simon | See you down the pub, Local History Magazine, Jan/Feb 1998 |
| Fowler, Simon | Researching Brewery and Publican Ancestors, FFHS, 2003 ISBN 1860061745 |
| Golding, Roy (Ed) | The Surrey Pub Guide, 1993 , CAMRA, ISBN 1-85249-068-3 |
| Hanson, Neil | Classic Town Pubs |
| Hawkins, | The Brewing Industry |
| Hogg, Garry | The English Country Inn, Batsford, 1974 |
| Jambs, Peter | A Guide to British Brewers |
| Jones, Celia & Hilary Sinclair & Dorothy Brook | The Inns and Alehouses of Chipping Campden and Broad Campden, CDHAS 1998, ISBN 0-9511434-5-X |
| Jones, Hartford | The Red Barrel |
| Keeble, Richard | Surrey Pubs, Batford Books, 1965 |
| Keverne, Richard | Tales of Old Inns |
| Lambert, U. | Godstone - A Parish History |
| Manning & Bray, | Histories and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, |
| Monckton | A History of the English Public House |
| Morgan, David | Whitbread's Entire, Whitbread & Co., 1978 |
| Nicholson, Graham & Jane Fawcett, | The Village in History, Guild (National Trust) 1988 |
| Palmer, Derek | Short Walks from Pubs in the Surrey Hills, Countryside Books,1994 ISBN 1853063088 |
| Playfair, Guy Lyon | The Haunted Pub Guide, Guild publishing, 1985 |
| Playfair, Guy Lyon | The Haunted Pub Guide, Javelin Books 1987 |
| Protz, Roger | The Great british Beer Book, Impact Books, 1987 ISBN 0245545999 |
| Protz, Roger and Homer Sykes | The Village Pub, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992, ISBN 0-297-83125-9 |
| Protz, Roger | The Ale Trail |
| Protz, Roger and Sharples | County Ales and Brewers. Weidenfeld & Nicolas, 1999 |
| Protz, Roger | The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Beer |
| Pudney, John | A Draught of Contentment |
| Quarendon, John | Pub Walks in South Surrey, 2003, Power Publications, ISBN 1898073252 |
| Richardson, A.E. | The Old Inns of England, Batsford Books, 1952 |
| Richmond, Lesley & Alison Turton, | The Brewing History - A guide to historical records |
| Ritchie, Barry | Good Company - The story of Scottish & Newcastle |
| Send & Ripley History Society | Pubs: An historical pub crawl in words and pictures, RPHS, 1998. ISBN 0-9509961-6-5 |
| Sheppard, Francis | Brakspear's Brewery - Henley on Thames 1779-1979, WH Brakspeare & Co., 1979 |
| Smith, R.M. | Alka-Selzer Guide to the Pubs of Surrey, Baynard Books 1977. ISBN 0214203360 |
| Stapleton, Barry | Gales of Horndean |
| Symonds, Richard | A Brewing Heritage - The Story of Brewing in Reigate and Redhill, 2001 ISBN 0-9540487-0-9 |
| Truman | Trumans : the Brewers, Truman Hanbury & Buroton & Co., Newman Neame Ltd, 1975 |
| Whynne-Hammond, Charles | Pub Walks along the Pilgrim's Way, Countryside Books, 2002, ISBN 1853064998 |
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Contact details: Paul Sandford 020 8668 1729 Email: apvsandford@aol.com