GE Test 3
ARTH U105 		 Name: ___-QUESTIONS REVIEW-___
Gerard Bowles, 2000, rev. 11/01/05
 Date: _________________
Chs 8-13. Middle Ages: Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic, Early Medieval
This review covers major points and pivotal images typical of a survey course with the time allotted these periods of art. It is a short test between the major tests Test 2 and the combined Test 4 and Final Exam. It will contain at least 50 questions. Class discussion of this review is not necessary.
MATCHING
Match the name or term on the left with the identification or definition on the right. Use only letters!
Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic, Early Medieval
1. ____ passage around the apse of a church
2. ____ pages of vellum or parchment bound together; predecessor of modern book
3. ____ skin of unborn calf used for writing material
4. ____ portion of a cruciform church with an axis that crosses the main axis at right angles
5. ____ two hinged, carved panels
6. ____ semicircular recess at one end of interior of Christian church
7. ____ (1) porch or vestibule (lobby) of an early Christian or Byzantine church or basilica (2) An entrance hall leading to the nave of a church.
8. ____ underground corridors used for burial
9. ____ the greatest Byzantium contribution to architecture
10. ____ Ravenna enjoyed its greatest cultural and economic prosperity during his reign
11. ____ shows elements that originate in the Classical past
12. ____ Islamic, built for an Indian ruler's favorite wife, it's one of the most beautiful and costly tombs in the world
13. ____ niche in the wall of a mosque
14. ____ holy book of Islam
15. ____ ornamental writing
16. ____ follower of Islam
Early Medieval of West
17. ____ leader of the Franks, crowned emperor in Rome in 800
18. ____ mixture of Irish and Anglo-Saxon motifs
19. ____ Hiberno-Saxon monastic center famous for its manuscripts
20. ____ Germanic group who moved throughout most of Europe during the Great Migration
21. ____ seafarers originating in Norway who remained pagan until the tenth century
22. ____ site of an Anglo-Saxon ship burial
 a. vellum
b. codex
c. - (not used)
d. transept
e. apse
f. Justinian
g. Lindisfarne
h. ambulatory
i. - (not used)
j. Taj Mahal
k. Qur'an
l. calligraphy
m. Muslim
n. Sutton Hoo
o. Vikings
p. Visigoths
q. - (not used)
r. diptych
s. Paris Psalter
t. mihrab
u. Hiberno-Saxon
v. Charlemagne
w. - (not used)
x. domes on pendentives
y. catacomb
z. narthex
Identifying Church to Style
23. ___ San Vitale, Ravenna
24. ___ Sant'Apollinare in Classe
25. ___ Santa Costanza, Rome
26. ___ Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne, Aachen
 a. Early Christian
b. Early Byzantine
c. Carolingian
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Select the response that best matches the question.
Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic
27. ___ The evangelist Mark was symbolized by a/an a. lion, b. ox, c. eagle, d. winged man
28. ___ Which of the following is a basilica? a. Santa Costanza, b. Old St. Peter's, c. Sts. Peter and Marcellinus, d. St. Callixtus
29. ___ Christianity was officially recognized by a. Diocletian, b. Constantine, c. Julian, d. Maxentius
30. ___ Which of the following attributes did Christ assume after Christianity was officially recognized? a. halo, b. royal purple, c. throne, d. all of the above
31. ___ The prefect of Rome who commissioned a sarcophagus acknowledging his conversion to Christianity a. Constantine, b. Junius Bassus, c. Honorius, d. Alaric
32. ___ Which European country contains the best examples of Islamic architecture? a. Spain, b. Bulgaria, c. Germany, d. France
33. ___ One of the most highly developed Islamic art forms was a. textiles, b. sculpture, c. copper inlay, d. mural decoration
34. ___ Islamic decoration makes extensive use of--- motifs. a. calligraphic, b. organic, c. arabesque, d. all the above
Early Medieval of West
35. ___ The Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne is thought to have been based on the church of a. St. Peter's, Rome, b. San Vitale, Ravenna, c. Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, d. St.-Riquier, Centula
36. ___ The ruler who most encouraged the revival of Classical learning and art forms was a. Clovis, b. Charles Martel, c. Otto III, d. Charlemagne
37. ___ The most important patrons of the arts during the Early Medieval period were a. the serfs, b. the nobility c. the bourgeoisie, d. the clergy
38. ___ The Irish monks are most famous for their a. sculptural decoration, b. elaborate churches, c. manuscript decoration
39. ___ The Utrecht Psalter is most closely related to the a. Book of Lindisfarne, b. Ebbo Gospels, c. Gospel Book of Otto 111, d. Bishop Bernward Gospels
40. ___ The Carolingian architectural plan that demonstrated the beginnings of the modular system was for a. the Monastery of St. Gall, b. the abbey church of Centula, c. St. Michael's at Hildesheim, d. St.-Riquier
More on Art of the Middle Ages
41. ___ The center of the Ottonian empire was in a. England, b. France, c. Germany, d. Spain
42. ___ Domes set on pendentives were most characteristic of the architecture of a. Carolingian, b. the Burgundian region of France, c. Byzantium, d. Islamic
Short Questions

43. Why is Ravenna important?

44. What formed the foundation of Russian Byzantine art?

45. What is St. Catherine's, at Mount Sinai?

46. Who was Muhammad?

47. How is mosaic art used in Islamic architecture?

48. Describe two ways in which medieval monastic orders influenced the development of art. /Ans: The clergy wrote and illuminated many manuscripts, and they commissioned, built, and decorated monasteries and churches.

ART RECOGNITION (Selected from your textbook)
Write in the number of the matching artwork.
49.___ Christ as the Good Shepherd, catacomb, 2nd to 3rd C, Rome
50.___ Miracle of the loaves and fishes, mosiac from top register of nave wall of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo, c. 504
51.___ The Archangel Michael, early 6th C. AD. Right leaf of a diptych. Ivory, approx. 17" x 5 1/2". British Mus., London.
52.___ Hagia Sophia, exterior, begun 532. Byzantine arch. in Istanbul.
53.___ Hagia Sophia, interior.
54.___ Christ as the Pantocreator, with the Virgin, Angels, and Saints, apse mosiac, Montreale, Sicily, late twelth century.
55.___ San Vitale Church at Ravenna, Italy, 532-548, brick facing
56.___ S. Apollinare in Prayer (as Shepherd), Saint Apollinare en classe, AD 533-549. Mosiac.
57.___ Mosiac tile decoration of a mihrab, from Isfahan, c. 1354
58.___ Taj Mahal, in Agra, India, 1630-48
59.___ Purse Cover, from the Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial, c. 625-33 AD. Gold & Enamel, 7.5" long. British Mus., London
60._12_ Fabric Fragment. 8th century. Vatican Library Rome. Image thanks to Prof. Lester, Tulane Univ. Textiles like this from the Early Christian/Byzantine period, show an Egyptian influence, and have inspired contemporary decorative arts. Not in Gardner's.
61._13_ "Gnostic Cock," 100 AD?. "Carved gemstone from a ring. The central figure is a giant with snake legs and the head of a cock, suggesting either magical incantations (for warding off demons or disease), or Gnostic imagery" (- PBS.org). Gnostic Christians, one of the earliest Christian groups, were wiped out by Roman Christians. The Roman Christian hatred of Gnostic Christianity, precludes inclusion of Gnostic art in texts, but this Christianity had a lasting effect on many fields including psychology, and thus later important art. Image from PBS.org.
62.___ Justinian and Attendants, mosiac, San Vitale, c. 547 (v295)
63.___ Justinian detail, of Justinian and Attendants, mosiac, San Vitale, c. 547 (v295)
64.___ Choir and apse of San Vitale, Christ between two angels detail, mosiac, Revenna, 526-547 (v297)
65.___ The Transfiguration of Jesus, apse mosiac, church and monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt, c. 560 (v300)
66.___ Virgin and Child between St. Thomas and St. George, painted panel icon, monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt, c. 6th to 7th centuries. (v302)

*Dates may vary slightly among scholars