Online beta version 12/29/05, reconstructed 09/20/06. The newer version became corrupted and this version is reconstructed from older notes. Errors may be present in pronunciation symbols due to HTML conversion. These will be corrected.

To understand the symbols used first download the "Art History, Introduction to Terms and Pronunciation" at the index site

Changing your browser to a 12 pt serif font like Times, Verdana, or New York will display symbols neatly. The pronunciation symbols are in 12 pt size graphics for those with lower resolution monitors and the visually impaired.

Words are given in the order of lecture, and some may be repeated as I relate or compare art, and due to my spiraling (as opposed to linear) teaching style.

References, sources, are listed in "Sources I Use in Teaching Art History Courses" available at the index site

I. Paleolithic, Neolithic, Mesolithic, M.E. Art Vocabulary for Lecture
Gerard Bowles. 2000, rev. 2 /13 /05, online beta 12 /29 /05-09 /20 /06
---
Download the introduction proceeding these terms.
---
QUICK KEY
act. = active
b. = birth date
c. before date = circa (about)
c. after date = century
fl = flourished
"?" indicates disputes
" /" = variations among scholars
# = from lectures
---
Introduction
Chad (chad)
Sahelanthropus (sa-hil-an(t)-thr-ps) tchadensis ({tc}had-en-sis)
Sahel (sa-hil /s-)
"Lucy" ca. "3,500,000 B.C." (:-o)
Prof. Michel Brunet (m-kel) (br{}-ne), Univ. of Poitiers (pw-ty)
Prof. Daniel Lieberman, Harvard U.
Ethiopia
Prof. Haile-Selaissie (h-l-s--s / Angl h-l-s-las-E), UC-Berkeley

Paleolithic, Neolithic, Mesolithic Art (primarily Europe and some Africa in this intro. E. Asia, Am. Add'l Af. & others covered separately in our course "African Art History")
Paleolithic /Palaeolithic (p-l--li-thik /Brit. pa-)
Pleistocene age (pls-t-,sn)
Aurignacian Period (r-n-y-shn /orig nyshan) 40,000 and 10,000 BC
Acheulian /Acheulean (-sh-l-n)
Birket Er-Ram (r-), Golan Heights, srael
Alexander Marshack
Oldowan and Clactonian (klak--n-n) technology
anthropomorphic figurines
Predmosti (prd-ms-t?#)
Brassempouy, Landes area, SW France (brss-em-pw /brah-se(m)-pee) (l-n-(n)d)
Saint-Germain-en-Laye (sa n -zhr-,ma n -, n -l) - commune N Fr.
Sireuil (Dordogne river), France (see-riiya) (dr-dn /-d-ny)
calcite (kal-,st)
Grotte du Pape (grut-dew-pahp)
Venus of Chiozza (k-o-z?), now Chioggia (k--j) - commune & port of Lagoon of Venice
Pyrenees (pir--,nz) - mtns bet. Fr. & Spain
Scandiano (Emilia), Italy (-ml-y)
Musei Ci- vici, Reggio Emilia, Italy
Lespugue (lay-pewg) (Haute-Garonne (t-Ga-rn), France)
Grimaldian era (gri-mal-di-an /gra- /gr-)
Gravettian era (gra-vett-i-an)
Savignano (Modena) Italy (m-d n- /m-)
Chiozza (area now called Chioggia (k--j)) and Lake Trasimeno, in Italy (tra-za-me-(,)n)
Brno (br-(,)n) City, E Czech.
Moravia (m-r-v-)
Predmosti (prd-ms-t?#), site in Fr.
Dolni Vestonice, Czech.
Venus of Willendorf (w- /v-) (lower Austria)
Marija Gimbutas
cursorily (adv., performed rapidly, with little detail)
Jomon (jmon)
Hohlenstein-Stadel (hlen-{st}n-stadal), Germany
Ulmer (-ma) Museum (m-zm)
Prof. Christopher Henshilwood, U. of Bergen, Norway; adjunct S.U.N.Y. Stony Brook
Blombos cave site, Iziko Museums, South Africa
Altamira (lt mr)
Lascaux (la-sk / las-k)
Dr. Michael Rappenglueck /Rppengleck (me-sha-el) (rppen-glk) U. of Munich
Cueva di El Castillo cave (kw-v de l ks-t(l)-y)
Pico del Castillo, Spain (p-k)
stars Vega, Deneb and Altair (v-g /v-) (de-,neb) (al-tr)
Les Trois Freres, France (lz-t(r)w-frehr)
Montesquieu-Avantes, France (m-tes-ky{C} /mntes-ky)-(-v n)
George Catlin - artist, Am. Indians (1796-1872)
Tungus shaman, Siberia (tu{ng}-gz /tn-)
San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico (san-,il-d-fn(t)-(,)s)
Penne du Tarn, France (pe(n)-(,)n d(y) trn)
Magdelain/ Magdalnien (madlin, Fr. madlen), a culture at end of the Ice Age.
Isturitz (Basses-Pyrennes), France (ees-tew-reets)
Castelln, Spain (kstlyn)
Los Casares (Guadelajara), Spain
Addaura cave, Monte Pellegrino, Sicily
Palermo, Sicily (p-lr-(,)m)
Grotta del Genovese, Sicily (j-n-v-s)
Sicani (si-k-n?) (or Siculi) people, Lvanzo, Sicily
Catal Huyuk (ka-tal hayook), Anatolian (a-n-t-l-n /-tyn) peninsula (Asia Minor), Turkey
Hottentots, Africa (h-t n-,tt)
San, formally called "Bushmen" by S. Af. whites (sn)
labyrinth /Gk labyrinthos intaglio (la-b-,rin(t)th in-taly /-tl- /Ital. n-tlyo)
Glastonbury, England (glas-tn-b(-)r /gls-)
Joseph of Arimathea (ar--m-th-) - uncle of Jesus? (1st c. A.D.)
Mogor, near Marin, (Pontevedra (pn-t-v-dr)) Spain (m-rn)
Minos palace (m-ns), Crete
Minotaurs lair at Knossos (mi-n-,tr /m) ((k-)n-ss)
Matendusc, (w-d) Wadi Berging, near Murzuch (Fessan), Libya
Wadi Sefar (w-d s-fr), Tassili des Adjjer (ts--,l), Algeria
Stonehenge, Salisbury (slz-,ber- /-b(-)r) Plains, England
dolmens (dl-mn /dl- /dl-)
henge - (English) a prehistoric architectural circle or oval delimited by earthwork, stones, or wood, and used for rituals (Bowles)
Prof. Alasdair Whittle, Cardiff University
Dr. Cleve Ruggles, Lancaster University
solstice (sl-sts /sl) - "sun stands still," summer ca. June 22d, winter ca. Dec. 22d
Avon River of Wiltshire (abbreviated Wilts), England
Louchcrew in central Scotland
druid (dr-id) - ancient Celtic priesthood based on knowledge and teaching of nature
Chalice Springs, near Stonehedge
wiccan - "wise one"

II. Ancient Middle East:
Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Isin-Larsa-Babylon, Neo-Babylonian
"Acheulian Goddess," (-sh-l-n) Birket Er-Ram, Golan (g-,ln /-ln) Heights, Israel
Sumerian
Abu
Tell Asmar (az-mr)
lapis-lazuli (lap-s-la-z-l)
minotaur (mi-n-,tr)
Assyrian Khorsabad (-sir--n) (khrsbd) (anc. Ashur, Ashshur, or Assur)
Astarte (-str-t) / not "Lilith" from Bible
Akkadian, from Nineveh, Iraq (-k-d-n /-k-) (ni-n-v)
Sargon of Akkad (Sumer) (srgn) (a-,kad /ak-ad /k-d) (24th-23th c. B.C.)
Meskalamdug (2900‚2700 B.C.) - Sumerian king
(st()l) Stele of (n-rm-sin) Naram-Sin
ziggurat at Ur (modern Iraq) (zi-g-.rat) (ur)
Gudea (g-d-) (fl. c.2144-c.2124 B.C.), or his son Ur-Ningirsu (r- /ur-)
stele (st()l /st()l) inscribed with Law Code of Hammurabi (ham--rb-)
Queen Napir-Asu, from Susa (s-z) (SW Iran), called "Shushan" (sh-shn) in the Bible
Elamite (-l-,mt /lam-t)
Ashurbanipal ({ah}shoor-ban-i-pal /sh-ur-ban--,pl) (7th c. B.C.)
Ninevah (ni-n-v) a province in Iraq
Nimrud (nim-rd) ("Calah" in K.J. Bible (k-l))
Phoenician (fi-n-shn)
Ishtar Gate at Babylon (i-sh-tr)
Vorderasiatische (fder--s-tisha) Museum (m-zm), Berlin
hegemony (leadership) of Mesopotamia (me-s(-)p-t-m-)
Nebuchadnezzar II (neby kd nezr /neb-(y)-k-dnez-r) (c.630-562 B.C.)
Marduk (mrdk) (chief god of ancient Babylon, orig. a local sun god)
Achaemenid (-k-m-nd) 7th cent. B.C. Persia king
Achaemenian culture (a-k-m-n-n)
Hall of Darius, Persepolis (da-r-s) (pr-se-p-ls)
Griffin Rhyton cup, from Oxus Treasure (r-,tn)
Oxus (k-ss) river of W Asia, now called Amu Darya (-m-dr-y)

"Axial Age" - Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)
Isaiah (-z-) (8th c. B.C.)
Elijah (i-l-j) (9th c. B.C.)
Ezekiel (i-zk-yal) (6th c. B.C.)
Josiah (j-s-) (c.640-609 B.C.)
Amos (-ms) (8th c. B.C.)
Zoroastrianism (zrstrnzm /zr--was-tr--,ni-zm)
Zoroaster (zr--,was-tr) (c.628-c.551 B.C.)
Upanishads (-p-ni-,shds /y-pa-n- /Skt upani sad) - Hindu mystical writings part of the Veda (v-d) - Hindu sacred writings
Buddha (563?-483? bc )
Mahavira (m-h-v-r) (c.599-527 B.C.) f / Jainism (j-,ni-zum)
Confucius (real name K'ung Ch'in (ku{ng}-ch-) (551-479 B.C.)
Mencius (men-sh-s) (real name Meng-tzu (m{ng}-dz)) (c.371-c.289 B.C.)
Taoism of Lao Tzu (laud-z) i.e. Master Lao (lau) (6th c. B.C.)
Hellenic-Mediterranean
Irano- Semitic (s-mi-tik /-me-)
Indian (South Asia)
Sinitic (s-ni-tik /s-)

Holylands Arch. Addendum (as time allows)
Jerusalem
Canaan (k-nn) - region of later Palestine
Canaanite (k-n-,nt)
Hebron (Al Khaleel) (h-brn) 4000 yr old city
Jericho
Essenes (i-sns /e-)
Samaritans (s-mar--t ns)
Torah (tr- /ti-ra /Heb trh) - 5 books of Moses (m-zz /-zs / not "m-ziz")
Megiddo (mi-gi-(,)d)
Phoenician (fi-n-shn /fa-nish-an)
baals (b(-a)ls) (early male deity or type of god) & Astarte /Ishtar (above)

III. Ancient Egypt
Gerard Bowles
1998, rev. 9 /16 /02, online beta 12 /27 /05
Problems in ancient Egyptian language: Some of these terms are pronounced by art history instructors using the letters as in English. For many, scholars can only guess at pronunciation, others don't attempt. There are also changes in spelling and pronunciation if written in Arabic, or ancient Greek or Latin. For most terms concentrate on the spelling in your lecture notes. Pronunciation is particularly important for words underlined in our Western survey course.
AÔda (1871), opra by Giuseppe Verdi (jzepp vrd /ve(e)rd-) (1813‚1901)
Library of Alexandria
Hypatia (h-p-sh()-)
hieroglyphics (h-(-)r-,glif-ics)
Tutankhamun /-men< /U> (t-ta{ng}-km-n) /Orig. Tutankhaten (t-ta{ng}-kt-(a)n) /Egy. tu-{tla}-ka-mon) / abr. "Tut" (1358-I350 B.C.)
hyroglyphics< /U>
Aswan< /U> (a-swn)
Nubia< /U> (n-b-)
Kerma, Napatan cultures (kr-m)
kingdom of Meroe ('mer--(,))
predynastic periods: Naqada I, II and III (na-k{ah}-da)
King Narmer (Menes (mnz)), palette (c. 3100-2890 BCE)
Gerzean period c. 3500‚3100
schist, means split ('shist)
Aten/Aton - (both spellings: (t)n)/(ah-tn) Disk of the sun, a deity
El-Amarna< /U> /Tel el Amarna (tel el mrn)
Abydos (-b-ds)
serekh
Horus, a god (hr-s)
papyrus (pa-'p-rus)
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
malachite ('ma-le-,kt), an ore
Stele of King Wadj (st (e)l / (st (a)l)
Abydos (-b-ds /-b-ds)
Hierakonpolis (h-r-com-plis)
lapis lazuli, a stone (lap-as 'la-zu-l)
Imhotep (em-h-tep /ahm-ho-tep) (27th c. B.C.)
King Djoser /Zoser< /U> (zh-ser /Mod. Egy. z-z)
Saqqara /Saqqarah /Sakkara (s-kr- /sa-kr-a)
Palermo Stone
Dashur, including Maidum Pyramid
King Snefru (Mod. Egy. 'snef-r /'snef-r) or Sneferu ('snef-a-,r) (27th-26th century B.C.)
Three pyramids of Giza ('g-za)
King Khufu< /U> (Mod. Egy. k-f /'k-f) (26th c. B.C.) (Gk: "Cheops< /U>" (k-ps))
Khafra /Khafre< /U> ('kaf-r) (26th c. B.C.) (Gk: "Chephren< /U>" (kef-ren))
Menkure< /U> (men-'k-r) (26th c. B.C.) /Menkaure (-'kau-) (Gk: Mykerinos< /U> (mik--'r-ns), Lat: Mycerinus< /U> (mis--'r-ns)
(-(,)jip-'t-l-jists) Egyptologists
Robert Bauval, alignment to Orion (-r-n)
Tura (t-r)
Geese of Meidum
Ka-Aper (Sheikh el Beled)
Prince Ankh-haf
Sphinx, at Giza (s fe(n)x)
John Anthony West
Michael Schock, Ph.D.
Rahotep & Nofret (r-h-tep) (n-fret)
royal shendyt kilt
Cynopolite
Mastaba of Ti (ms-ta-buh)
Sakkara< /U> /Saqqara
Seated Scribe
King Wenis, at Saqqara (5th dyn)
Official Tjeti
Tomb of Ptahiruk ((p-)t(k)-ruk?), Sakkara
King Unas ((y)-ns)
King Pepy /Pepi I (p-p) (ca. 2289-2255 B.C.)
graywacke (schist)
Bani Hasan /Beni Hasan (bn hsn) important site of 39 tombs
Mycerinus (see above)
M. Drioton, M. Stoppelaere
Tomb of Antefoker, Vizier (v-zir)
King Senusret /Sesostris I (s-'ss-trs)
Nubian (n-b-) Soldiers
Tomb of Mesehti
Asyut (s-yt), city in central Egy
Statuette of Imerat-Nebes
faience (f-n(t)s /f-, n s)
Ahmose ('m-s)
Amenhotep III< /U> (m-n-h-tep) /Amenophis
Ramesside Period< /U>
Hatshepsut< /U> (hat-shep-st)
Tuthmosis III (tut-ms)
Amenhotep IV /Akhenaten< /U> (k-(a-)'nt-an /h-k-n-tun) /Ikhnaton (d. 1362 BC)
Sphinx
univalent logic (y-ni-'v-lent)
King Smenkhkare /Semenkhkara (sme{ng}-kr-) and Wife Meritation /Meritaten
Tutankhamen< /U> /Tut-Ankh-Amun (t-ta{ng}-km-n)
Amarna (mrn) style
Tomb of Rekhmire
Thebes< /U> ('thbz)- Egy capitol, not Gk of same name), now called Luxor
Tomb of Menkheperresonb
Temple of Hatshepsut< /U> (hat-'shep-st)
Sen-Mut (sin-moot) - architect
Dier el Bahri
simulacre /simulacra (sim-y-,la-kr /-y-), art & music term, insubstantial form or semblance, a suggestion of something
pylon< /U> - monumental entrance
Punt - unknown land in Africa
Ahmose I ('m-,s)
Tomb of Dehuti
Tomb of Deserkarasonb
Herodotus (hi-'rd--ts)
ibex ('-,beks) - wild goat
Tomb of Haremhab
Tomb of Nebamum
Impressionist< /U>
Amenophis III
Ramesside Style
Tomb of Nakht
Tomb of Menna
Tomb of Ramose (r-ms /r- /r). Latin ramosus. Heb. Moses
Woman Tjepu
Nofretete (nf-r-'tt-) / Nefertiti (nef-r-'tt-) (14th c. B.C.)
ankh< /U> ('nk)
baroque< /U>
Tomb of Nebamun (neb-am-en) and Ipuky
sarcophagus (sr-'k-fa-gas)
anthropoid coffin ('an(t)-thre-poid)
Sethos I /Sety I /Seti I (set-)
King Ay
Goddess Sakhmet
King Thutmose IV (tht-m-s) (d. 1417 B.C.)
Isis (-ss), nature goddess, wife and sister of Osiris (-s-rs)
Maherpra, a Nubian Prince, & artist
Amenwahsu - artist
Thebes ('thbz) and Abydos (-b-ds)
goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjit
Tomb of Userhet
Ahmose I (r. 1570-1546 bc )
Sety I and Goddess Hathor
Horemheb (hr-m-,heb)
uraeus (yu-r-s)
Abu Simbel (-,b-sim-bl) in s. Nubia (n-b-)
Thebes ('thbz)
Ramses II ('rm-sz /'rm-a-sz - especially here as in Amen) (1298-1235 B.C.) (Known as Ramses the Great, and Son of Sety /Seti I)
Temple of Amun (aa-mun /m-n) /Amon /Amen /Ammon /Amon-Ra
Amen - means 'hidden' or 'invisible one'
Amentet was his female counterpart, Mut ("mother") was his wife.
Amon-Ra, a later recognition of Amon as the father of all gods, all beings, and maker of all men.
Amon was later worshipped in Rome where associated with Jupiter. The qualities of Roman Amon influenced romanized Christianity.
hypostyle hall ('h-p-,stl)
Bible, Book of Exodus (ek-s-ds /eg-z-)
Queen Nefertari (nefr-tr Egy /ne-f-tar) (14th-13th c. BC)
MA'AT (muh-aht/m{ah}{ah}t/mt), "to see", art says goddess, some West scholars claim she was just principles of civility (art disputes this), ca. 42 codes of conduct
Medinet Habu
Ra (r) or Re (r) sun god ("creator and father of all things"), trad. says 1st king of Egy
kohl ('kl) - dark eye makeup
gods Anubis (-n-bs) and Osiris (-'s-res)
papyrus (pa-'p-rus), pl papyri (-r /-r) or papyruses
Karomama - (lived 22 dyn, 945-712 B.C.) a famous Nubian who was a "god's wife" (priestess) & prob. minor queen
Statuette of Takushit
Ptolemy< /U> (tl--m) Soter (-st-er) (c. 364-283 B.C.)
Ptolemaic Period< /U> (t-lu-'m-ik)
Horus< /U> (hr-s /hor-)
Priest Hor, Deir el-Bahri
Osiris (-'s-res)
Philae Island ('f-(,)l)
(tr-'pr-,tt) tripartite wig
Edfu (edf)
Faiyum (f-'ym)
Nubia (n-b-)
Khartoum (kr-'tm)
ewer ('y-r)
Fatimid dynasty (fat--md)
Qur'an< /U> (k-ran)
Ibn al-Wahid, a calligrapher
Abu Bakr (-,b-bak-r), "known as Sandal" (active A.D. 1305)

IV. Greek Art Terms
Gerard Bowles. 2000, rev. 7 /22 /02

Points on Greek Pronunciation:
- Consult my "Overview of Accent Marks used in the Pronunciation Guides"
- Skip lecture words not given. I have 1140 Aegean, Minoan, and Greek slides in my library (729 teaching and 411 research) and USCU has a good slide library. Time limits what we can cover in a survey course.
-The Greek alphabet is different than English and there has been little consistency in translation
- Gk. words are often pron. and spelled in Latin for universal recognition. Example word endings Gk. is often "-On", Latin "-n or "-un" /"um", "s" vs. "us", etc.
- In Latin, words were changed
- "No one knows precisely how ancient Greek was pronounced" (Spiros Zodhiates)
- regional and class differences within Greece are strong. Eng. and Fr. are widely spoken
- Fr. and Brit. scholars vary producing variations among Am. scholars
- Gk. official language adopted "new Greek" in 1976 called "Demotike," but art often uses the older modern Greek called "Katharevousa."
- addtl. var. given in lecture and pronunciation guide
---
Intro. list of Greek deities still impacting contemporary culture.
Aphrodite /Venus (a-fr-d-t), Apollo, Athena, Gaea (j-) . Minerva (m-nr-v /m-nrv u), Herakles /Hercules
---
Assignment< /U> (may be given)
Aphrodite (a-fr-d-t), Apollo, Athena, Herakles, Venus
Introduction< /U>
Darius (da-r-s)
Delphi (delph)
"The Homeric Hymns"
Delian (dl-yn-used as adj or n) League (also Confederation of Delos) - federation of Gk. city-states
Pericles (per klz) (c.495-429 B.C.)
Aspasia (as-p-sh(-)) (470?-410 B.C.)
Socrates (c.470-399 B.C.)
Gaea /Gaia (j-) - Gk. name for great earth goddess & Gk. mother of Titans
Gaia Theory - contemporary scientific theory that earth is living entity
Aegean (i-j-n) Art
Cycladic (sikl dic) /s-cl-dik -L. S.) Adams) art of Cyclades (si-kl-,dz) Islands, Greece, S Aegean area
Minoan (m-n-n)
Island of Crete
Knossos palace ((k-)n-ss)
Hellas ('he-ls), NGk Ells (e-'ls) - Gk. name for Greece
Helladic (he-l-dic)
Catel Huyuk (ka-tal hayook)
Cycladic Art< /U> (sikl dic):
Anatolia (a-n-t-l-) (now in Turkey)
Crete
Thera (th r /thir-)
Amorgos (-mor-gs)
Akrotiri (akr-tr)
Cycladic goddess
lyre (lr)
Keros (kros)
Minoan Pottery from Crete< /U>
Kamares style (ka-mar-es [-Adams]])
Old Palace of Phaestos (f st u s)
Minoan Art of Crete and Thera< /U> (th r)
Minoan (m-n-n)
Sir Arthur Evans
Knossos ((k-)n-ss)
Minos (m-ns) the legendary King
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
Philistines (fi-l-,stns)
Tutankhamen (t-ta{ng}-km-n /-t{ng}-) / Orig. Tutankhaten (t-ta{ng}-kt-(a)n) tomb - Egy. boy Pharaoh
Palace of Minos (m-ns)
Labyrinth intaglio (la-b-,rin(t)th /'lab u -rinth) (in-taly /-tl- /Ital. n-tlyo)
divine epiphanies (i-pif-ns)
Icarus (i-k-rs)
Daedalus (de-d l-s)
Hagia Triada (ha-g-) (tr-,ada)
steatite (st--,tt)
faience (f ans /f-n(t)s) - glazed earthenware
terra-cotta
Astarte (-str-t)
Celtic "knot" designs
Kurt Eisler (iz-nr)
Thera (th r /thir-)
Toreador Fresco
Palace of Knoss ((k)ns)
Mycenaean< /U> (m-s-n-n)
Tiryns (tir-nz), Gla, Krisa, and Midea
Iliad and The Odyssey
Mycenaean (m-s-n-n) also Mycenian (m-s-n-n) /Mycanae (m-s-n)
Vaphio Cup (vaf())
repouss decoration (r-p-s /ra-)
Treasury of Atreus (-,trs /-tr-s)
Boeotian (b--sh(-)an) citadel
Hittite (hi-,tt)
Cycladic (sikl dic) sites: Phylakopi in Melos (Milos) (mlos /m-) a Greek Is., Ayia, Irini, Kolonna (kolonna) on Aegina (i-j-n)
Middle Helladic (he-l-dic)

Greek Quick Time Line:
800-700 B.C.= Oriental Influence
700-500 B.C.= Archaic Period
480-350 B.C. = The Golden Age of
Perikles (High Hellenism) (The Classical Period: 479 B.C. to 323 B.C.)
350-100 B.C.= Late Hellenism
Rhodes (rdz)
amphora (am(p)-f-r) or (am-fra [Adams])
hetaera (hi-tir-) courtesan class
Delphi (delph)
Gaea (j-)
Dionysus (d--n-ss)
Homeric Hymn (h-mer-ik)
Greek Arch., 3 Greek Orders< /U>:
1. Doric: flaring echinus (i-k-ns); rectangular abacus (a-b-ks); architrave (r-ka-,trv); frieze (frz), triglyph (tr-,glif) and metope (me-t-(,)p); cornice (kr-ns); stylobate (st-l-,bt); alternating triglyphs
2. Ionic (--nik) - volutes (v-lts)
3. Corinthian (krin(t)-th-n) - acanthus (-kan(t)-ths) leaves
Geometric Period< /U>
Clay amphora (am(p)-f-r)
Hirschfeld Painter (hirshfeld)
meander - a winding design
lozenge (l-z nj) - diamond-shaped design
bier (bir)
Dipylon (dpy-lonƒ) Vase
Terracotta Statuette
centaur (sen-,tr)
Homer,The Iliad (i-l-d) andThe Odyssey (-d-s)
Achilles (-ki-lz)
Lefkandi (lef-kn-dƒ)
Herakles and Nessos /Nessus (ne-ss)
Orientalizing Period< /U> (ca. 700-600 B.C.)
KX Painter, active early 6th c. B.C.
Loutrophoros Attic
Kerameikos Museum
sirens - half women and half birds
Poros (pr-us) Relief
Phoenicians (fi-n-sh()ns)
Lady of Auxerre (oser)
Archaic Period< /U> (ca. 600-480 B.C.)
Dorian (dr--n)
Ionians (--n-ns)
Darius (da-r-s) and Xerxes (zrk-sz)
Battle of Salamis (s-l-ms), 480 B.C
Battle of Marathon, 490 B.C.
Darius I, "the Great" (da-r-s), lived 550-486 BC
Queen Atossa (-ts-), daughter of Cyrus the Great
Babylon, and Susiana also Elam (s-z-a-n) (-lm)
Indus River
Thrace (thrs) and Macedonia
Scythians (si-th-n)
Xerxes I (zrk-sz), Gk. name for Khshayarsha (ksh-ynr-sh), son of Darius I and Atossa (-ts-)
Archaic Statuary< /U>
Kouros /koros from Attica (k-,rs)
kouros /koros - young man
kouroi (k-(,)ri) plural of kouros
ka (k) - Egy. spirit of a man
Calf Bearer - Moscophoros
Mount Ptoon in Boeotia (b--sh(-)) /NGk VoiotÌa (vy-t-)
Peplos Kore (pe-pls) (Gk. kor- / Angl. 'ko(,))
kore (kor-) - statue of young woman, (Gk. "the maiden" or "the daughter")
from the Acropolis, Athens
himation (hi-ma-t-,n /-n)
Temple of Hera I (The Basilica) (Gk. h-r /hr / Angl. hir- /her-)
Paestum (pes-tm /ps-)
Medusa (mi-d-s)
Archeological Museum at Corfu (kr-f)
frieze (frz /fr-z) - ornamented band on building or furniture
Treasury of the Siphnians (sf-nnsƒ) fm. Persian cavalrymen or army)
Archaic Vase Painting< /U>
Exekias (ek-sek ys) (fl. c.550-525)
Ajax and Achilles (-ki-lz)
Psiax (active c. 525 BC)
Herakles Strangling the Nemean Lion (n-m-n)
Vulci (VelX- in Etruscan) - an ancient Etruscan city
Euthymides (yu-thim--dz) (c. 500 B.C.)
Pamphaios (pm-f-osƒ) (c. 520-490 /510-480 B.C.)
kylix (kliks)
glaze (glz) - coating to ceramic wares to resist moisture and decorate
Aegina (i-j-n) and Transition to Classical (Gardner's text)
Temple of Aphaia /Aphaea (-fƒ)
Glypothek, Munich (clu-p-tek)ð
Classical Period Introduction< /U>
Pericles (per klz) (c.495-429 B.C.)
Socrates (sk-r-,tz) (c.470-399 B.C.)
Aristotle (ar--.stt-()l) (384-322 B.C.)
Euripides (yu-rip-a-dz) (c.484-406 B.C.)
Phidias /Pheidias (fid-s /fd as) (fl. c.490-430 B.C.)
Doric and Ionian (--n-n)
Peloponnesian War (p-l-p-n-zhn)
Statuary, Early and High Classical< /U>
Temple of Zeus (z s /zs) at Olympia
Apollo
pediment (pe-d-mnt) - triangular space formed by roof and cornice
seer (s-r /sir) - makes predictions, or credited with extraordinary moral and spiritual insight
Riace (rceƒ) Warrior
Charioteer, Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi (delph)
"Severe Style"
trident (tr-d nt)
Poseidon (p-s-d n) or Zeus
Myron (m-rn) (fl. c.480-440 B.C.)
Museo Nazionale, Rome
Diskobolus (discus-thrower) (fl. c.480-440 B.C.)
Pliny (plin-) the "Elder" [Lat. Gaius Plinaiaus Seacunadus] (23-79 A.D.) Roman scholar
Polykleitos /Polyclitus (pal-i-klt-s) (5th century B.C.)
Phidias (fid--s)
Argos (r-,gs) - once a Gk. city-state
Argive(r-,gv) school of sculpture
doryphoros (spear bearer)
Kresilas /Cresilas (kres--ls) (act. 420-450 BC)
propylaeum (pr-p-l-m), pl. propylaea (prp-p-l-)
Erechtheum (erek thm)
Ictinus /Iktinos (ik-t-ns) 5th c. B.C.
Callicrates /Kallikrates (k-lik-r-tz) 5th c. B.C.
Parthenon /Parthenos (pr-th-,nn /Gk. pr-th-,nn)
Peloponnesian (pela pa nshan /p-l p-n-zhn) War with Sparta
Pericles (per klz) c.495-429 B.C.
entasis (en-t-sis) - column swelling in the center
Lord Elgin - "Elgin Marbles"
Phidias (fid--s)
entablature (in-ta-bl-,chur) - horizontal part resting on columns, consists of architrave (r-k-,trv), frieze, and cornice
pediments (pe-d-mnts)
Hestia (hes-t-), Dione (d - n ), and Aphrodite
Plutarch (pltrk) c.46-after 119 A.D.
Mnesikles /Mnesicles (nes-i-,klz) 5th c. B.C.
propylaea (prp-p-l-)
caryatid (kar--a-td)
Cecrops (skrops)
Athena /Pallas Polias (pa-ls)
Erechtheus (erek ths) - a mythical king of Athens
Poseidon (p-s-d n)
Callimachus (k-lim--ks) 5th century B.C.
Erechtheum (erek thm)
contrapposto (kontra post)
Doric and Ionic (--nik) orders
Kallikrates /Callicrates (k-lik-r-,tz /kal--kru-tz) 5th century B.C.
Temple of Athena Nike
amphiprostyle (am(p)-fi-pr-,stl)
balustrade (ba-l-,strd)
Genra Art< /U>
genre ('zhn-r /'zh n r /'zh n r /'jn-r)
Stele of Hegeso (st (a)l) (heg-e-sƒ)
klismos (klizmos) - ancient Greek chair
Kerameikos (ker-m-ksƒ) site of community of the potters (kerameis), Athens, near the
Dipylon gate
Etruscans (i-trs-kn)
Dr.'s Laura & Jennifer Berman
Zeuxis ('zk-ss)
Pliny the Elder, 5th c. B.C. (plin-)
Parrhasios /Parrhasius (p-'r-zh(-)s /p-'r-sh(-)s) (act. 5th c. B.C.)
The Late Classical Period - 400-323 BC< /U>
Athena /Pallas (pa-las) of Velletri (vl tr?)
Hephaestus (hi-fests) - Gk. god of fire & metalworking
porphyry (por-f(a-)r)
Minerva (m-nrv)
chiton (chitn)
peplos (pe-pls)
Gorgon Medusa
aegis (-js /-)
Praxiteles (prak-sit-()l-z) fl. 370-330 B.C.
Aphrodite of Cnidus /Knidos /Knoclis (n- ds)
Phryne (fri-ne?), famous model who had lasting influence on art
Athenaeus (ath--n-s) c. 200 A.D.
hetaera (hi-tir-)
Eleusinia (el-yu-su-n-)
Aphrodite Anadyomene (-n-dir--mene)
Knidian Aphrodite (n dian)
Ishtar (i-sh-tr) /Innanna /Astarte (-str-t)
Zeus and Dione (d - n )
Cronus /Kronus (krons) castrated Uranus (yoorans /yoor-)
Hesiod ((heseed /hes-) - Gk. poet (fl. 8th c?)
Cyprus
Hermes and Infant Dionysus (d--n-ss)
Temple of Hera, Olympia
Cephisodotus (II) (sef--'sd-t-s) /Kephisodotos: born ca. 365 B.C., grandfather of Praxiteles (II) (prak-sit-()l-z)
Leochares (l-k--rz) 4th c. B.C.
Apollo Belvedere
Scopas /Skopas (sk-ps) of Paros (par-,s) 4th century B.C.
Amazons
Halicarnassus (ha-l-kr-na-ss /hal kr nass)
Pliny (plin) (above)
maenad (m-,nad)
bacchic frenzy (b-kik)
Dionysus (d--n-ss /Gk. -sos)
Lysippos /Lysippus (l sips /li-zi(p)-pus) (b. ca. 316, act. to ca. 390)
Weary or Farnese Herakles (far-n-s)
Glykon (gly-knƒ) of Athens (fl. AD 3rd c.), sculptor, copied Gk. sculpture
Philoxenos (f-'lk-s-ns / similar to fÓ-lk-sÓ-nÓs) of Eretria (er-Ó-tr-Ó)
Darius III (da-r-s) king of Persia (336-330 bc)
50
Aristides (ar--std-z) of Thebes (thbz)
Helena of Alexandria
Aphrodite (a-fr-d-t)
Polykleitos /Polyclitus the Younger (pal-i-klt-s) (4th century B.C.)
Theatre at Epidauros /-us (e-p-dr-s)
Delphi (delph)
The Lysikrates /Lysicrates Monument
(l-sik-r-tz)
Corinthian columns
choragic monument (k rajik /k)
Hellenistic Period< /U> - 323-31 BC
Ganges (gan-,jEz) river N India
Pella (pe-l) - ancient Macedonian Gk city
sarcophagus (sr-k-f-gas) pl. -g
Sidion (s-d-on), Lebanon
Alexander (al-ig-zan-dr /a-lig- /Brit. also -zn-) the Great of Macedonia (ma-s-d-n- /-ny) (356-323 B.C.)
Osman (s-mn) Hamdi (hm-dƒ) Bey (b)
Canossa (kn-ssƒ) - village, N Italy
Temple of Zeus at Pergamun, Turkey (pr-g-mn)
Athena & Alkyoneus (al-k-yon-s)
"Dying Gaul"
Museo Capitolino, Rome
Celtic style torc
"Epigonos"(?) (e-pig-o-nos) (fm Gardner's)
Homer (h-mr) 8th-9th? c. B.C.
Iliad (i-l-d) and the Odyssey (-d-s)
Trojan War (tr-jn)
wanderings of Odysseus (-dis-s) (Ulysses (yi-'li-(,)sz) in Latin)
Ionian (--n-n)
lyre (lr)
Sappho (saf-(,)) (610-580 B.C. Isle of Lesbos) poet
Winged Victory of Samothrace (sa-m-,thrs) /NGk Samothrke (S-m-thr-k)
Alexandros (al-ig-'zan-dros) of Antioch-on-the-Meander (m-n-dr) (act. c. 150-125 bc)
Aphrodite (a-fr-d-t) of Melos or "Venus de Milo" (m-(,)l)
Aphrodite of Rhodes (rdz)
Aegean Greek islands (i-j-n)
Praxiteles (prak-sit-()l-z) of previous century
Aphrodite, Eros (ers) and Pan
Delos (d-,ls) - Gk. island in Cyclades area
Medici Venus (med--ch /Angl med-(,)ch)
Apollo
Hagesandros (hag--san-dros) (act. early 1st c B.C.)
Polydoros /-us (pl-i-dr-s) of Rhodes (rdz) (act. 1st century B.C.)
Athanadoros (ath--'n-dr-s) (act. 1st century B.C.)
Laocoon /Laocon and his sons (l-k-wn /l--k-,wn)
travail (tr-v ()l /tra-,vl)
Virgil /Vergil (70-19 B.C.), Aeneid (i-n-d)
Michelangelo (m-k-ln-j-l / Angl. m-k-lan-j-l /mik-- /m-k-)
---
~ Adams' lectures
ƒ Steve T. Bett, Ph.D.
See "Sources..."

Go to Part 2 link on the index page.